Prevention and Treatment of Water Intoxication

Disease, medications, and organs problem are some of the basic causes to increase water intake. Some of them are mentioned below:

Medications like diuretics, pain medications, and antidepressants can interrupt the normal hormonal and kidney processes. Due to such alteration, sodium levels in the body get affected.

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Kidney and liver problems can affect the body’s sodium levels, which can cause water intoxication.

Syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH) causes to retain water rather than its normal excretion in the urine.

Chronic, severe diarrhea or vomiting causes loss of electrolytes like sodium, resulting in dilutional hyponatremia.

Drinking too much water at once or in a short period increases the water level in the body. If the water intake exceeds the kidney’s limit to excrete water, it results in a drop in sodium levels.

Sodium loses through sweat; therefore drinking excess water during intense physical activities leads to the risk of hyponatremia.

In Addison’s disease, adrenal glands get affected. The glands release hormones which help in regulating the sodium, potassium, and water balance. Thyroid hormone can also affect the blood-sodium level.

The recreational drug Ecstasy increases the risk of life-threatening hyponatremia.

Old age is also a cause that affects the body’s sodium balance.

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Symptoms
The most common symptoms that are noticed due to water intoxication are as follows.

Nausea and vomiting- Uneasiness in the stomach that may lead to vomiting sometimes.

Headache/confusion- Headache and confusion are commonly noticed in patients suffering from water intoxication.

Fatigue and drowsiness- In vomiting and headaches, the patients will be tired and often fall asleep due to the conditions.

Restlessness and irritability-The patients suffer from restlessness and irritability in case of serious low sodium levels. The symptoms may increase the risk of death if not treated.

Muscle weakness, spasms, or cramps- Patients with kidney diseases, problems with blood flow, and many other factors may develop muscle weakness, spasms, or cramps.

Seizures- If the sodium concentration in the plasma rapidly reduces to <115 mEq/L, it can cause seizures in patients suffering from hyponatremia

Coma- The consequences of acute hyponatremia on the brain include permanent disability, rapid brain swelling, coma, and death.

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Prevention and Treatment
The condition of water intoxication complicates rapidly if left untreated. In addition, premenopausal women appear to be at great risk of brain damage due to the effect of women’s hormones. To prevent this, some preventive measures are mentioned below:

Getting treated for low blood-sodium levels can help in the prevention of water intoxication or hyponatremia. Kidney, heart, and liver diseases that may cause water intoxication should also be treated before it gets too late.

When using medicines that increase the risk of hyponatremia, one should be aware of the symptoms or signs that indicate hyponatremia. Older adults and children can follow the safety precautions mentioned by the doctors.

Drinking a sufficient amount of water, not too much and not too little, is healthy. It is recommended to drink water at regular intervals of time and depeding on your thirst.

The urine color also indicates the water quantity is more or less. Make sure to keep tabs on the color of the urine.

Switching to other fluids like fruit juices, health shakes, or sports beverages can also help prevent water intoxication. However, make sure to take suggestions from doctors or health professionals before starting.

Self-awareness is as important as treatment. Even after treatment, if the necessary precautions are not followed, the risk of illness is still high. So, follow the precautions wisely and stay healthy.


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Prevention and Treatment of Water Intoxication

Water intoxication is most prevalent among marathon athletes, army or military soldiers, and people who have schizophrenia. If a person ensures that their water intake is approximately not higher than their losses, it is possible to prevent water intoxication. Kidneys in their healthy state can excrete about 0.8 to 1 liter of fluid water every hour. But disease states and stress due to prolonged exertion can reduce the kidney’s capacity by a great amount. Several studies observed that the symptoms of hyponatremia are manifested if a person drinks 3–4 liters of water in a short time interval. Moderate cases of intoxication may be asymptomatic and need only fluid restrictions. Severe cases require treatment, which includes vasopressin receptor antagonists, and diuretics in case of increased urination.

Cells require water to carry out the functions and metabolic processes in the body. However, overconsumption of water can result in water intoxication leading life-threatening consequences. The risk factors for water intoxication include the following:

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Endurance sports: Athletes participating in marathons are at higher risk of water intoxication when they drink too much during the run. It can result in reducing the levels of sodium to less than 135\,\text{mmol/L}135mmol/L.

Low body mass in infants: It is common for infants to absorb excess amounts of water, especially below nine months of age. Due to their low body mass, they easily consume a high amount of water compared to their total sodium stores of the body and their body mass.

Heat stress and overexertion: Situations or activities that lead to heavy sweating can result in water intoxication if water is used to replace the fluids lost due to sweating. It becomes extremely important for people working in extreme heat and humidity to care about what they eat and drink. People who are even resting in extremely warm and humid conditions can also suffer from water intoxication if they drink excess water in a short interval of time.

Pathophysiology of Water Intoxication
At the beginning phase of the condition, there is a very low amount of solutes (sodium and other electrolytes) present in the fluid outside the cells, when compared to that of the inside of cells. This results in the movement of fluid into the cells to balance the concentration gradient. The cells swell up due to this movement. This swelling leads to an increase in the intracranial pressure in the brain, resulting in the first noticeable symptoms of water intoxication such as confusion, drowsiness, headache, irritability, behavior changes, and personality changes. Symptoms following these include weakness and pain in muscles, vomiting, nausea, twitching, thirst, breathing difficulties during exertion, and dulled ability to perceive and interpret sensory information. Over time, if the condition persists, vital and papillary signs may appear, such as widened pulse pressure and bradycardia. There are chances of cerebral edema, too, in case the cells in the brain end up swelling too much to interrupt the flow of blood. Swelling may also lead to pressure on the stem cells resulting in dysfunction of the central nervous system.


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Computer science is a tough subject. Fortunately, our computer science experts are up to the match. No need to stress and have sleepless nights. Our academic writers will tackle all your computer science assignments and deliver them on time. Let us handle all your python, java, ruby, JavaScript, php , C+ assignments!

Psychology

While psychology may be an interesting subject, you may lack sufficient time to handle your assignments. Don’t despair; by using our academic writing service, you can be assured of perfect grades. Moreover, your grades will be consistent.

Engineering

Engineering is quite a demanding subject. Students face a lot of pressure and barely have enough time to do what they love to do. Our academic writing service got you covered! Our engineering specialists follow the paper instructions and ensure timely delivery of the paper.

Nursing

In the nursing course, you may have difficulties with literature reviews, annotated bibliographies, critical essays, and other assignments. Our nursing assignment writers will offer you professional nursing paper help at low prices.

Sociology

Truth be told, sociology papers can be quite exhausting. Our academic writing service relieves you of fatigue, pressure, and stress. You can relax and have peace of mind as our academic writers handle your sociology assignment.

Business

We take pride in having some of the best business writers in the industry. Our business writers have a lot of experience in the field. They are reliable, and you can be assured of a high-grade paper. They are able to handle business papers of any subject, length, deadline, and difficulty!

Statistics

We boast of having some of the most experienced statistics experts in the industry. Our statistics experts have diverse skills, expertise, and knowledge to handle any kind of assignment. They have access to all kinds of software to get your assignment done.

Law

Writing a law essay may prove to be an insurmountable obstacle, especially when you need to know the peculiarities of the legislative framework. Take advantage of our top-notch law specialists and get superb grades and 100% satisfaction.

What discipline/subjects do you deal in?

We have highlighted some of the most popular subjects we handle above. Those are just a tip of the iceberg. We deal in all academic disciplines since our writers are as diverse. They have been drawn from across all disciplines, and orders are assigned to those writers believed to be the best in the field. In a nutshell, there is no task we cannot handle; all you need to do is place your order with us. As long as your instructions are clear, just trust we shall deliver irrespective of the discipline.

Are your writers competent enough to handle my paper?

Our essay writers are graduates with bachelor's, masters, Ph.D., and doctorate degrees in various subjects. The minimum requirement to be an essay writer with our essay writing service is to have a college degree. All our academic writers have a minimum of two years of academic writing. We have a stringent recruitment process to ensure that we get only the most competent essay writers in the industry. We also ensure that the writers are handsomely compensated for their value. The majority of our writers are native English speakers. As such, the fluency of language and grammar is impeccable.

What if I don’t like the paper?

There is a very low likelihood that you won’t like the paper.

Reasons being:

  • When assigning your order, we match the paper’s discipline with the writer’s field/specialization. Since all our writers are graduates, we match the paper’s subject with the field the writer studied. For instance, if it’s a nursing paper, only a nursing graduate and writer will handle it. Furthermore, all our writers have academic writing experience and top-notch research skills.
  • We have a quality assurance that reviews the paper before it gets to you. As such, we ensure that you get a paper that meets the required standard and will most definitely make the grade.

In the event that you don’t like your paper:

  • The writer will revise the paper up to your pleasing. You have unlimited revisions. You simply need to highlight what specifically you don’t like about the paper, and the writer will make the amendments. The paper will be revised until you are satisfied. Revisions are free of charge
  • We will have a different writer write the paper from scratch.
  • Last resort, if the above does not work, we will refund your money.

Will the professor find out I didn’t write the paper myself?

Not at all. All papers are written from scratch. There is no way your tutor or instructor will realize that you did not write the paper yourself. In fact, we recommend using our assignment help services for consistent results.

What if the paper is plagiarized?

We check all papers for plagiarism before we submit them. We use powerful plagiarism checking software such as SafeAssign, LopesWrite, and Turnitin. We also upload the plagiarism report so that you can review it. We understand that plagiarism is academic suicide. We would not take the risk of submitting plagiarized work and jeopardize your academic journey. Furthermore, we do not sell or use prewritten papers, and each paper is written from scratch.

When will I get my paper?

You determine when you get the paper by setting the deadline when placing the order. All papers are delivered within the deadline. We are well aware that we operate in a time-sensitive industry. As such, we have laid out strategies to ensure that the client receives the paper on time and they never miss the deadline. We understand that papers that are submitted late have some points deducted. We do not want you to miss any points due to late submission. We work on beating deadlines by huge margins in order to ensure that you have ample time to review the paper before you submit it.

Will anyone find out that I used your services?

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How our Assignment  Help Service Works

1.      Place an order

You fill all the paper instructions in the order form. Make sure you include all the helpful materials so that our academic writers can deliver the perfect paper. It will also help to eliminate unnecessary revisions.

2.      Pay for the order

Proceed to pay for the paper so that it can be assigned to one of our expert academic writers. The paper subject is matched with the writer’s area of specialization.

3.      Track the progress

You communicate with the writer and know about the progress of the paper. The client can ask the writer for drafts of the paper. The client can upload extra material and include additional instructions from the lecturer. Receive a paper.

4.      Download the paper

The paper is sent to your email and uploaded to your personal account. You also get a plagiarism report attached to your paper.

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